Liferay Performance Tuning is aimed to collect one of the most important aspects to deliver user experience of any website or portal with help of performance enhancing tweaks, tips and techniques. We have hereby provided optimization areas and performance tuning tips for Liferay as well as Web, Application and Database layer.
You may need to fine tune Liferay Portal performance, especially if your site traffic shoots up than you’d expected. Though having tons of rich UI/features users wouldn’t like a portal with slow response time.
Best Practices importance may vary however it is essential to measure various key performance areas including server metrics, tweak configuration based on load tests, and verify that the changes were helpful to achieve optimum performance.
1 Apache
1.1 Enable Keep Alive in httpd.conf
This parameter is to allow more than 1 request per TCP connection. MaxKeepAliveRequest sets the maximum number of requests allowed per persistent connection.
(a) /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
KeepAlive ON
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 15
1.2 Enable MPM worker
This module implements a hybrid multi-process multi-threaded server. By using threads to serve requests, it is able to serve a large number of requests with fewer system resources than a process-based server. However, it retains much of the stability of a process-based server by keeping multiple processes available, each with many threads.
(a) Enable line in /etc/sysconfig/httpd
HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker
1.3 Configure MPM worker
Configuration parameters will be dependent upon concurrency expected.
(a) /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<IfModule worker.c>
StartServers 2
ServerLimit 32
MaxClients 800
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
1.4 Change LogLevel
(a) /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
LogLevel error
(b) /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
LogLevel error
1.5 Configure ETag
(a) /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
FileETag none
1.6 Use mod_jk instead of mod_proxy for connecting to Liferay tomcat from Apache.
- Ensure JK module is enabled/configured in Apache. Using mod_jk is preferred to use by Liferay for clustering as mod_proxy module has its own performance issues. Along with this we are configuring static contents to be served from Apache, hence static contents should be placed on Apache Web Server local file-system.
(a) /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Include conf/mod-jk.conf
(b) /etc/httpd/conf/worker.properties
worker.list=loadbalancer,status #JVM Host Settings
worker.jvm1.port=8009
worker.jvm1.host=IPAddress
worker.jvm1.type=ajp13
worker.jvm1.lbfactor=1
worker.jvm1.socket_timeout=60
worker.jvm1.socket_keepalive=1
worker.jvm1.connection_pool_timeout=60
worker.jvm1.ping_mode=A
worker.jvm1.ping_timeout=20000
worker.jvm1.connect_timeout=20000
worker.jvm2.port=8009
worker.jvm2.host=IPAddress
worker.jvm2.type=ajp13
worker.jvm2.lbfactor=1
worker.jvm2.socket_timeout=60
worker.jvm2.socket_keepalive=1
worker.jvm2.connection_pool_timeout=60
worker.jvm2.ping_mode=A
worker.jvm2.ping_timeout=20000
worker.jvm2.connect_timeout=20000
# Load-balancing behaviour
worker.loadbalancer.method=B
worker.loadbalancer.type=lb
worker.loadbalancer.balance_workers=jvm1,jvm2
worker.loadbalancer.sticky_session=1
# Status worker for managing load balancer
worker.status.type=status
(c) /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod-jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile conf/worker.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel error
JkLogStampFormat “[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]”
JkUnMount /liferay-theme/js/*.js loadbalancer
JkUnMount /liferay-theme/css/*.css loadbalancer
JkUnMount /liferay-theme/images/*.gif loadbalancer
JkUnMount /liferay-theme/images/*.png loadbalancer
JkUnMount /liferay-theme/images/*.jpg loadbalancer
JkUnMount /liferay-theme/images/*.ico loadbalancer
JkUnMount /html/js/barebone.jsp loadbalancer
JkUnMount /html/js/everything.jsp loadbalancer
JkMount /* loadbalancer
1.7 Gzip on Apache
- Ensure Deflate module is enabled in Apache
(a) /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:exe|t?gz|zip|bz2|sit|rar)$ no-gzip dont-vary
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary
1.8 Caching on Apache
- Ensure Expiry module is enabled in Apache. We have enabled caching for JSP.
(a) /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# Turn on Expires and set default to 0
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault A0
# Set up caching on media files for 1 year (forever?)
<FilesMatch “\.(flv|ico|pdf|avi|mov|ppt|doc|mp3|wmv|wav)$”>
ExpiresDefault A29030400
Header append Cache-Control “public”
</FilesMatch>
# Set up caching on media files for 1 week
<FilesMatch “\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|swf)$”>
ExpiresDefault A604800
Header append Cache-Control “public”
</FilesMatch>
# Set up caching on media files for 1 week
<FilesMatch “\.(xml|txt|html|js|jsp|css)$”>
ExpiresDefault A604800
Header append Cache-Control “proxy-revalidate”
</FilesMatch>
# Force no caching for dynamic files
<FilesMatch “\.(php|cgi|pl|htm)$”>
ExpiresActive Off
Header set Cache-Control “private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform” Header set Pragma “no-cache”
</FilesMatch>
2 Tomcat
2.1 Optimize thread pool in Tomcat
Each incoming request to the application server consumes a worker thread for the duration of the request. When no threads are available to process requests, the request will be queued waiting for the next available worker thread. In a finely tuned system, the number of threads in the thread pool should be relatively balanced with the total number of concurrent requests. There should not be a significant amount of threads.
Liferay Engineering recommends setting this initially to 50 threads and then monitoring it within your application server’s monitoring consoles. You may wish to use a higher number (e.g. 250) if your average page times are in the 2-3s range
- Apache should be configured to connect on AJP port i.e. 8009 with help of topic 1.6 defined in the guide
(a) $CATALINA_HOME /conf/server.xml
<Connector URIEncoding=”UTF-8″
acceptCount=”100″
connectionTimeout=”20000″
enableLookups=”false”
maxThreads=”450″
minSpareThreads=”50″
port=”8009″
protocol=”AJP/1.3″
redirectPort=”8443″
disableUploadTimeout=”true”
maxHttpHeaderSize=”8192″/>
2.2 Fine tune JVM settings as suggested by Liferay.
Tuning the JVM primarily focuses on tuning the garbage collector and the Java memory heap. These parameters look to optimize the throughput of your application.
(a) $CATALINA_HOME /bin/setenv.sh
JAVA_OPTS=”$JAVA_OPTS -Dfile.encoding=UTF8 -Dorg.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.ENABLE_CLEAR_REFERENCES=false -Duser.timezone=GMT -server -d64 -XX:NewSize=2048m -XX:MaxNewSize=2048m -Xms6144m -Xmx6144m -XX:PermSize=200m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:SurvivorRatio=20 -XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=90 -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=15 -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=512m -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:+CMSCompactWhenClearAllSoftRefs -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=85 -XX:+CMSScavengeBeforeRemark -XX:+CMSConcurrentMTEnabled -XX:ParallelCMSThreads=2 -XX:+UseCompressedOops -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:-UseBiasedLocking -XX:+BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs -XX:+UseFastAccessorMethods -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=10.154.14.71 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote=true -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=5000 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -XX:+UseLargePages”
2.3 Remove Unwanted Applications from Tomcat
(a) We suggest removing unwanted applications which are deployed in the server.
2.4 Optimize Database Thread pool
The database connection pool is generally sized at roughly 20-30% of the thread pool size. The connection pool provides a connection whenever LPEE needs to retrieve data from the database (e.g. user login, etc). If this size is too small, requests will queue in the server waiting for database connections. However, too large a setting will mean wasting resources with idle database connections.
(a) $CATALINA_HOME /conf/context.xml
<Resource testOnReturn=”false”
testOnBorrow=”true”
testWhileIdle=”true”
numTestsPerEvictionRun=”10″
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=”1800000″
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=”3600000″
logAbandoned=”true”
removeAbandonedTimeout=”20″
removeAbandoned=”true”
url=”jdbc:mysql://192.168.100.1/db_name?autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useFastDateParsing=false”
driverClassName=”com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”
username=”user”
password=”password”
maxWait=”20000″
maxIdle=”120″
minIdle=”3″
validationQuery=”select 1″
maxActive=”750″
type=”javax.sql.DataSource”
auth=”Container”
name=”jdbc/LiferayPool” />
3 Liferay
3.1 Optimize web.xml
a) $CATALINA_HOME /conf/web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>fork</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>development</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>mappedFile</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>genStrAsCharArray</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
3.2 Portal-ext.properties
jdbc.default.jndi.name=jdbc/LiferayPool
theme.images.fast.load = true
theme.css.fast.load = true
layout.template.cache.enable = true
javascript.fast.load = true
com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.gzip.GZipFilter=false
com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.strip.StripFilter=false
com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.sso.cas.CASFilter=false
com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.sso.ntlm.NtlmFilter=false
com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.sso.opensso.OpenSSOFilter=false
com.liferay.portal.sharepoint.SharepointFilter=false
com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.validhtml.ValidHtmlFilter=false
session.tracker.memory.enabled=false
counter.increment=2000
portlet.css.enabled=false
javadoc.manager.enabled=false
direct.servlet.context.reload=false
blogs.pingback.enabled=false
blogs.trackback.enabled=false
blogs.ping.google.enabled=false
message.boards.pingback.enabled=false
permissions.inline.sql.check.enabled=false
look.and.feel.modifiable=false
layout.user.public.layouts.enabled=false
dl.file.rank.enabled=false
dl.file.entry.read.count.enabled=false
4 Database
4.1 My.cnf
#Each session that needs to do a sort allocates a buffer of this size
sort_buffer_size=16M
#Each thread that does a sequential scan for a MyISAM table allocates a buffer of this size (in bytes) for each table it scans
read_buffer_size=8M
#When reading rows from a MyISAM table in sorted order following a key-sorting operation, the rows are read through this buffer to avoid disk seeks
read_rnd_buffer_size=8M
#Do not cache results that are larger than this number of bytes
query_cache_limit=4M
#The size in bytes of the memory buffer InnoDB uses to cache data and indexes of its tables.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
#Increase the value of join_buffer_size to get a faster full join when adding indexes is not possible.
join_buffer_size = 256M
#The number of open tables for all threads.
table_open_cache = 400
#The amount of memory allocated for caching query results.
query_cache_size=32M
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